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. 2023 Mar 22;7(1):016114. doi: 10.1063/5.0137881

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

Results of the LIPUS parameter optimization. (a) Evaluation of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α with DC variation (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%), in terms of cytokine release and gene expression. Only statistical differences with respect to LPS and “LPS+LIPUS(20%)” groups are depicted. (b) Evaluation of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α at the four explored t (30, 60, 90, and 120 min), in terms of cytokine release and gene expression. Only statistical differences with respect to LPS and “LPS+LIPUS(90 min)” groups are depicted. * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; and **** = p < 0.0001. N = 9.