Table I.
Participant Demographics, Donor Site, PLGA-chitosan Nanoparticle Suspension Volume Applied to the Explant and Total Nanoparticle Quantity, Time of Incubation and Maximum Depth of Penetration in the Epithelium
| Age/ Sex |
Ethnicity | Smoking | Alcohol | Donor Site | Volume of Suspension | Time of Incubation | Depth of Penetration | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 72 F | Caucasian | Never-smoker | Non-drinker | Anterior maxilla |
1 µL (3.79 × 107 NP) |
3 h | Superficial 1/3 |
| 2 | 59 F | Caucasian | Never-smoker | Occasional drinker | Posterior right maxilla |
1 µL (3.79 × 107 NP) |
3 h | Stratum corneum |
| 3a | 61 F | African-American | Never-smoker | Occasional drinker | Posterior left maxilla |
2 µL (7.58 × 107 NP) |
2.5 h | Basal 1/3 |
| 3b | Posterior left maxilla |
2 µL (7.58 × 107 NP) |
2.5 h | Superficial 1/3 | ||||
| 4 | 64 M | Caucasian | Former smoker | Occasional drinker | Posterior right mandible |
4 µL (1.52 × 108 NP) |
3 h | Basal 1/3 |
| 5 | 67 F | Caucasian | Former smoker | Occasional drinker | Posterior left maxilla |
4 µL (1.52 × 108 NP) |
3 h | Middle 1/3 |
| 6 | 60 F | Hispanic | Never-smoker | Non-drinker | Posterior left maxilla |
2 µL (7.58 × 107 NP) |
3 h | Stratum corneum |
| 7 | 40 M | African-American | Never smoker | Occasional drinker | Anterior maxilla |
3 µL (1.13 × 108 NP) |
3 h | Superficial 1/3 |
| 8 | 69 M | African-American | Former smoker | Occasional drinker | Posterior right maxilla |
4 µL (1.52 × 108 NP) |
3 h | Basal 1/3 |
| 9 | 32 F | Caucasian | Never smoker | Non-drinker | Posterior right maxilla |
2 µL (7.58 × 107 NP) |
3 h | Superficial 1/3 |
| 10a | 48 M | African-American | Smoker | Occasional drinker | Anterior mandible |
4 µL (1.52 × 108 NP) |
3 h | N/A |
| 11 | 63 F | Caucasian | Former smoker | Occasional drinker | Anterior maxilla |
4 µL (1.52 × 108 NP) |
3 h | Basal 1/3 |
| 12 | 22 M | Caucasian | Never smoker | Occasional drinker | Anterior maxilla |
3 µL (1.13 × 108 NP) |
3 h | Superficial 1/3 |
| 13b | 32 F | Caucasian | Never smoker | Non-drinker | Posterior left maxilla |
4 µL (1.52 × 108 NP) |
3 h | Basal 1/3 |
| 14a | 38F | Caucasian | Never smoker | Occasional drinker | Anterior maxilla |
2 µL (7.58 × 107 NP) |
3 h | Basal 1/3 |
| 14b | Anterior maxilla |
2 µL (7.58 × 107 NP) |
3 h | Basal 1/3 | ||||
| 15 | 60 M | Caucasian | Never smoker | Non-drinker | Posterior left maxilla |
4 µL (1.52 × 108 NP) |
3 h | Stratum corneum |
| 16 | 84 M | Caucasian | Former smoker | Occasional drinker | Posterior right maxilla |
2 µL (7.58 × 107 NP) |
3 h | Stratum corneum |
*Specimen 10 was Excluded Due to Poor Orientation Across Multiple Sections (No Epithelium)
**Specimens 8 and 13 were Collected from the Same Patient, but from Different Sites and at Different Dates