Table 2.

Associations between post-diagnosis sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep patterns, and eating behaviours and cancer outcomes in breast cancer survivors^a

	All-cause mortality		Breast cancer mortality		Breast cancer recurrence		Progression-free survival
	Exposure: HR (95%CI)	Refernces	Exposure: HR (95%CI)	References	Exposure: HR (95%CI)	References	Exposure: HR (95%CI)	References
Sleep duration	≤ 6 h: 0.95 (0.80–1.13)	[31]	≤ 6 h: 0.83 (0.67–1.04)	[31]	≤ 6 h: 0.93 (0.77–1.12)	[31]	< 6 h: 1.45 (0.83–2.54)	[37]
	≤ 6 h: 1.05 (0.88–1.24)	[32]	≤ 6 h: 1.13 (0.86–1.48)	[32]
	≤ 6 h consistent: 0.91 (0.73–1.12)	[31]	≤ 6 h consistent: 0.78 (0.60–1.01)	[31]	≤ 6 h consistent: 0.93 (0.74 -1.17)	[31]
	≤ 6 h inconsistent: 0.79 (0.63–0.98)	[31]	≤ 6 h inconsistent: 0.80 (0.61–1.06)	[31]	≤ 6 h inconsistent: 0.82 (0.64–1.06)	[31]
	≥ 9 h: 1.43 (1.07–1.92)	[31]	≥ 9 h: 1.52 (1.09–2.13)	[31]	≥ 9 h: 1.48 (1.01–2.00)	[31]	> 9 h: 2.33 (1.01–5.42)	[37]
	≥ 9 h: 1.37 (1.10–1.71)	[32]	≥ 9 h: 1.46 (1.02–2.07)	[32]
	≥ 9 h consistent: 1.46 (0.97–2.21)	[31]	≥ 9 h consistent: 1.22 (0.75–1.99)	[31]	≥ 9 h consistent:1.30 (0.85–1.98)	[31]
	≥ 9 h inconsistent: 1.47 (1.12–1.93)	[31]	≥ 9 h inconsistent: 1.70 (1.23–2.36)	[31]	≥ 9 h inconsistent: 1.60 (1.18–2.18)	[31]
	TIB shorter: 0.99 (0.97–1.00)	[33]
	≥ 1 h increase (from pre-to post- dx)b: 1.35 (1.04–1.74)	[32]	≥ 1 h increase (from pre-to post- dx)b: 1.29 (0.84–2.00)	[32]
	≥ 1 h decrease (from pre-to post- dx)b: 1.26 (0.97–1.65)	[32]	≥ 1 h decrease (from pre-to post- dx)b: 0.89 (0.55–1.45)
This section should be white							< 6 h or > 9 h: 2.73 (0.99–7.52)c	[36]
Sleep quality	Difficulty: 1.49 (1.02–2.19)	[32]	Difficulty: 1.78 (0.94–3.36)	[32]
	Efficiency (≥ 85%): 0.94 (0.91–0.97)	[33]					Efficiency (< 85%): 1.65 (0.92–2.92)	[37]
							Quality (bad/very bad): 3.08 (1.74–5.47)	[37]
							Quality poor: 0.78 (0.27–2.29)c	[36]
	Latency: 0.89 (0.75–1.06)	[33]
	WASO (min): 0.41 (0.25 -0.67)	[33]
	WASO (%TST): 0.97 (0.96–0.98)	[33]
	WE (fewer): 0.93 (0.88 -0.98)	[33]
	WE duration (shorter): 0.29 (0.14–0.58)	[33]
Sleep disorders	1.39 (1.04–1.87)	[34]
Habitual day time napping							0.94 (0.61–1.44)	[37]
Bedtime misalignment d							3.18 (1.32–7.61)	[38]
Nightly fasting	< 13 h: 1.22 (0.95–1.56)	[35]	< 13 h: 1.21 (0.91–1.60)	[35]	< 13 h: 1.36 (1.05–1.76)	[35]
Eating episodes per day	0.99 (0.89–1.10)	[35]	1.00 (0.89–1.13)	[35]	0.97 (0.87–1.08)	[35]
Eating after 8PM	Yes: 0.97 (0.76–1.24)	[35]	Yes: 0.98 (0.74–1.28)	[35]	Yes: 0.97 (0.76–1.24)	[35]

^aTIB Time In Bed; WASO Wake After Sleep Onset; TST Total Sleep Time; WE Wake Episodes

^bChanges in sleep duration from pre-post-diagnosis by either ⩾1 h more (increase) or ⩾1 h less (decrease), versus no change

^cMeasured relative risk

^dDefined as misalignment of preferred (assessed via Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire) and habitual bedtime [38]