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. 2023 Mar 23;14:1617. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37427-7

Fig. 6. Zygotic RNA injection derived from MTX-treated sperm partially recapitulates the craniofacial phenotype.

Fig. 6

a Violin plots represent the measurement of ceratohyal lengths on wild-type fertilized eggs injected with sperm-RNA fractions (20–50nt, 50–90nt, or both together) obtained from control, 10MTX and 50MTX treated males. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA one-way followed by multiple comparison Tukey’s test. b Lateral view of larvae presenting non-affected (trowel shape) or affected (bended upward or downward) basihyal cartilage shape. Quantification of the percentage of embryos presenting affected or non-affected basihyal cartilage abnormalities from zygotes injected with sperm-RNA fractions (20–50nt, 50–90nt, or both together) obtained from control, 10MTX and 50MTX treated males. Numbers in the graph represent the analyzed embryos. Statistical analyses were performed using a contingency table followed by two-sided Fisher’s exact test. c Proposed model summarizing the results.