Table 2.

Risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease according to the level of physical activity and muscle strength exercise.

	No. of subjects	NAFLD (%)	p value	Age and sex adjusted OR (95% CI)	Fully adjusted OR (95%CI)
Total physical activity (min/week)			< 0.001
< 150	11,195	24.8		Ref	Ref
≥ 150	9820	22.1		0.86 (0.81–0.92)	0.86 (0.78–0.95)
Domains of physical activity
Recreation (min/week)			< 0.001
< 150	17,289	24.1		Ref	Ref
≥ 150	3726	20.7		0.79 (0.73–0.87)	0.77 (0.67–0.88)
Travel (min/week)			0.002
< 150	14,608	24.1		Ref	Ref
≥ 150	6407	22.2		0.91 (0.85–0.98)	0.90 (0.81–1.01)
Work (min/week)			0.3
< 150	19,678	23.4		Ref	Ref
≥ 150	1337	24.8		1.09 (0.95–1.25)	0.90 (0.73–1.10)
Muscle strength exercise (/week)			< 0.001
< 2	16,732	24.6		Ref	Ref
≥ 2	4283	19.4		0.67 (0.62–0.73)	0.83 (0.73–0.94)

Fully adjusted model was adjusted for age (continuous), sex, body mass index (continuous), elevated waist circumference (yes vs. no), elevated triglycerides (yes vs. no), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (yes vs. no), diabetes mellitus (yes vs. no), hypertension (yes vs. no), income levels (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4), education (elementary or lower, middle school, high school, college or higher), smoking (current, ex-smoker, and never smoker), alcohol consumption (< 10 g/day vs. ≥ 10 g/day), total physical activity (< 150 min/week vs. ≥ 150 min/week), and muscle strength exercise (< 2/week vs. ≥ 2/week). For specific domains of physical activity, other domains were adjusted as follows: Recreation: travel and work activity (< 150 min/week vs. ≥ 150 min/week), Travel: recreation and work activity (< 150 min/week vs. ≥ 150 min/week), Work: recreation and travel activity (< 150 min/week vs. ≥ 150 min/week).

NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.