Fig. 2.

AuNPs and IR had a synergistic anti-tumor effect against glioma cells. (A) Cell viabilities (%) expressed by the AuNPs against U251, U251-R and NHA cells at dose ranges from 0 to 150 mg/L (student t-test for differences determination, n = 3 for each group). (B) Migration rates (%) and invasion rates (%) expressed by the AuNPs at 150 mg/L against U251 and U251-R cell lines (student t-test for differences determination, n = 3 for each group). The migration and invasion ability were measured with transwell assay. The representative morphology of migration and invasion cells were shown in Supplementary Fig. 1A in the corresponding group. (C) Cell viabilities (%) expressed by the AuNPs at 150 mg/L, IR at 4 Gy and Comb against U251 (student t-test for differences determination, n = 3 for each group). (D) Migration rates (%) and invasion rates (%) expressed by the AuNPs at 150 mg/L, IR at 4 Gy and Comb against U251 (student t-test for differences determination, n = 3 for each group). The migration and invasion ability were measured with transwell assay. The representative morphology of migration and invasion cells were shown in Supplementary Fig. 1A in the corresponding group.

CTL: control group; IR: X-ray irradiation; Comb: defined as AuNPs at 75 mg/L (half concentration) + IR at 2 Gy (half concentration) treatment. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001; NS: not significant.