Runx2 is required for PKCα-induced TGFβR1 promoter activity.A, FET and IEC-18 cells were transfected with empty vector or human Runx2 expression vector, together with TGFβR1 promoter-Gaussia luciferase reporter plasmid, and TGFβR1 promoter activity was measured by Gaussia luciferase assay the following day. B, FET cells were transfected with nontargeting or Runx2 pool siRNA. Forty-eight hours later, cells were transfected with TGFβR1 promoter-reporter plasmid. 24 h after transfection with the reporter plasmid, cells were treated with 100 nM PMA for 2 h, and TGFβR1 promoter activity was measured by Gaussia luciferase assay. Data for FET and IEC-18 cells are averages ± SEM of three or two independent experiments, respectively. ∗p < 0.05. IEC-18, intestinal crypt-like cells; PKCα, protein kinase C α; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; Runx2, runt-related transcription factor 2; TGFβR1, transforming growth factor-β receptor 1.