Figure 1.

Magnetism-related nerve regeneration strategies can be divided into simple magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles. The growth trend of neurites and Schwann cells in the simple magnetic fields is different. Schwann cells tend to grow parallel to the magnetic field, while neurites tend to be vertical. In addition, this process is accompanied by macrophage transformation, cytokine regulation, and changes in ion channels. Strategies based on magnetic nanoparticles generally combine particles with Schwann cells. In this process, Schwann cells are subject to mechanical action and magnetocaloric effect. In the process of mechanical stimulation, Schwann cells are directionally proliferated in the magnetic field by F-/G-actin, YAP/TAZ, MRTF, LINC pathway, and the downregulation of NRP1 induced by microRNA 23b-3p proliferation.