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. 2023 Mar 10;14:1161402. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1161402

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts balance in bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is an orderly and coupled process of bone resorption and bone formation mediated respectively by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. RNAKL/RANK and M-CSF/c-Fms are the two most important pathways governing osteoclast proliferation and differentiation. OPG can bind to RANKL, inhibiting the interaction between RANKL and RANK. Estrogen, vitamin D, and small doses of PTH from the circulation can promote bone formation. Osteocytes also secrete SOST, which negatively regulates osteoblasts and positively regulates osteoclasts.