Table 1.
Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the myocarditis and control group
| Myocarditis (n = 30) | Control (n = 20) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 29 ± 9 | 33 ± 4 | 0.049 |
| Female gender | 2 (6.7) | 1 (5.0) | 1.000 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 25.9 ± 3.6 | 23.7 ± 2.4 | 0.021 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 0 | |
| Valvular heart disease | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 1.000 |
| ECG abnormalities | 23 (76.7) | ||
| Preceding signs of infection | 25 (83.3) | ||
| Coronary angiography performed | 15 (50.0) | ||
| Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (n = 10), mmHg | 22 ± 6 | ||
| Diagnosis of coronary artery disease | 1 (3.3) | ||
| LVEF, % | 58 ± 4 | 60 ± 4 | 0.117 |
| Global longitudinal strain, % | -19.1 ± 1.8 | -22.1 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
| E, cm/s | 76 ± 18 | 70 ± 14 | 0.192 |
| E/A | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.633 |
| e‘ septal, cm/s | 11.1 ± 2.9 | 10.9 ± 2.4 | 0.852 |
| e‘ lateral, cm/s | 13.1 ± 2.8 | 15.8 ± 2.4 | 0.001 |
| E/e‘ | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 0.038 |
| IVSd, mm | 10 ± 2 | 9 ± 2 | 0.043 |
| PWd, mm | 10 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 0.008 |
| LVESD, mm | 35 ± 6 | 34 ± 4 | 0.511 |
| LVEDD, mm | 49 ± 6 | 48 ± 3 | 0.600 |
| LV mass, g | 155 ± 46 | 129 ± 38 | 0.037 |
| RVEDD, mm | 33 ± 5 | 34 ± 2 | 0.308 |
| LAVI, ml/m² | 25 ± 9 | 23 ± 6 | 0.227 |
| LA area two chamber, cm² | 16 ± 4 | 14 ± 3 | 0.171 |
| LA area four chamber, cm² | 17 ± 4 | 17 ± 3 | 0.906 |
| LASr, % | 47.6 ± 10.4 | 55.5 ± 10.8 | 0.013 |
| LA conduit function, % | -33.0 ± 9.6 | -39.4 ± 9.5 | 0.024 |
| LA booster function, % | -14.6 ± 5.9 | -16.1 ± 4.9 | 0.364 |
| LA stiffness index | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.003 |
| LA filling index | 1.67 ± 0.47 | 1.29 ± 0.34 | 0.004 |
| LAVI/LA reservoir function | 0.48 (0.40–0.62) | 0.41 (0.31–0.51) | 0.030 |
| peak Troponin T, pg/ml | 8466 (1458–26,825) | ||
| peak CRP, mg/l | 35.3 (10.0–86.0) | ||
| peak NTproBNP, pg/ml | 393 (211–632) |
Continuous variables with normal distribution are expressed as mean ± SD, variables with skewed distribution as median (IQR). Categorical variables are expressed as n (%)
BMI: body mass index; ECG: electrocardiogram; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PWd: posterior wall thickness; IVSd: interventriculuar septal wall thickness; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; RVEDD: right ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LAVI: left atrial volume index; LA: left atrium; LASr LA reservoir function; CRP: C reactive protein; NT proBNP: N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide