Table 1.

Summary of Studies and Nutrients Measured by Each.

Reference	Year	EGA*	BMIa	Country	kcal	Fat	Pro	CHO	Ca	P	Na	K	Mg	Cl	Zn	Cu
Gross9	1980	31.4	NA	U.S.	x		x		x	x	x	x	x	x
Schanler24	1980	NA	NA	U.S.			x		x		x	x
Anderson10	1981	28.5 ± 0.5b	NA	Canada	x	x	x
Atinmo44	1982	28-34	NA	Nigeria											x	x
Guerrini53	1981	33.3 ± 2.2	NA	Italy		x
Mendelson45	1982	28.7 ± 2.2	NA	Canada											x	x
Lemons11	1982	33	NA	U.S.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Anderson54	1983	31 ± 1.4	NA	U.S.	x	x	x	x
Moran46	1983	30.3 (27–32)	NA	U.S.											x	x
Butte23	1984	33.9 ± 2.3	20.9	U.S.	x	x	x		x	x	x		x		x
Ehrenkranz55	1984	29 ± 0.4	NA	U.S.		x
Kumbhat32	1985	32.56 ± 2.62	NA	India		x	x				x	x
Jitta56	1986	30.3 ± 0.44	NA	Kenya	x	x	x	x
Darwish57	1989	28–36	NA	Egypt		x	x	x
Aquilo58	1996	28–36	NA	Italy											x	x
Maas59	1998	25–29	NA	The Netherlands	x	x	x	x
Faerk60	2001	28	NA	Denmark	x	x	x	x
Narang21	2006	<33	NA	India		x	x	x
Kim48	2012	31.5 ± 2.90	21.6	Korea											x	x
Zachariassen13	2013	<32	NA	Denmark	x	x	x	x
Dutta61	2014	31.4 ± 2.3	24.8	India		x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Hsu29	2014	29 ± 2.39	24.8	Taiwan	x	x	x	x	x	x
Kreissl62	2016	23–34	NA	Austria	x	x	x	x
Mahajan19	2017	<34	NA	India	x	x	x	x
Bulut12	2019	≤32	NA	Turkey	x	x	x	x
Hascoet63	2019	31	23.2	France		x

Ca, calcium; Cl, chloride; CHO, carbohydrate; Cu, copper; EGA, estimated gestational age; K, potassium; Mg, magnesium; NA, not available; Na, sodium; P, phosphorus; Pro, protein; Zn, zinc.

^aMaternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), kg/m².

^bSEM.