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. 2023 Feb 23;9(3):427–439. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01351

Figure 6.

Figure 6

In vivo immunomodulation improves antibody titers in an influenza model and reduces systemic cytokines in a Typhim Vi vaccination. (A) Schematic of in vivo study timeline. (B) Structure of additional modulators. (C) Typhim Vi + modulator systemic TNF-α levels 1 h after vaccination with vaccine, vaccine + modulator, and vehicle (N = 5). Statistical analyses between agonist + modulator groups and agonist alone were performed by a one-way ANOVA test *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (D) Fluzone 2021–2022 + modulator antigen specific serum IgG antibody levels, day 49, n = 5. Statistical analyses between Fluzone and Fluzone + PME-564 were performed by a one way ANOVA test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P <.0001.