Figure 6.

(A–C) Hierarchical cluster analysis of the relative abundance of species with the encoding genes for the enzyme involved in the synthesis of butyrate, including (A) carboxylesterase, (B) butyrate kinase, and (C) phosphate butyryl transferase. The heatmap displays the group averages of relative abundances of species for each group. The P values were generated by comparing the relative abundances of the species among the groups using one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc analysis to correct for multiple comparisons or a Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05, **P ⩽ 0.01, ***P ⩽ 0.001, and ****P ⩽ 0.0001. CAG = coabundance gene; Fam = family; ns = not significant (P ≥ 0.05); PAH = pulmonary arterial hypertension.