Table 3.
Comparison of the Relative Abundance of Bacterial Species Differentially Abundant in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Compared with Healthy Control Subjects on Linear Discriminant Analysis of Effect Size
| Model 1* |
Model 2† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species Name | PAH Relative Abundance (SD) |
Healthy Relative Abundance (SD) |
β Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value |
| Bacterial species enriched in patients with PAH vs. healthy control subjects | ||||||
| B. vulgatus | 10.8 (11.9) | 2.9 (3.7) | 7.8 (1.3 to 14.4) | 0.019 | 9.8 (1.3 to 14.1) | <0.001 |
| P. distasonis | 5.3 (6.9) | 0.9 (1.1) | 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5) | 0.035 | 4.4 (1.7 to 7.2) | 0.002 |
| B. thetaiotaomicron | 4.6 (8.1) | 0.6 (0.4) | 2.7 (−1.4 to 6.8) | 0.199 | 3.3 (0.2 to 6.5) | 0.037 |
| E. coli | 2.3 (6.1) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.1 (−2.9 to 3.3) | 0.923 | 1.3 (−1.1 to 3.7) | 0.299 |
| K. pneumoniae | 0.7 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1.3 (−0.6 to 3.1) | 0.178 | 0.8 (−0.6 to 2.1) | 0.274 |
| R. gnavus | 0.6 (1.4) | 0.4 (1.7) | −0.1 (−1.0 to 0.8) | 0.806 | −0.1 (−0.7 to 0.6) | 0.848 |
| P. goldsteinii | 0.3 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0.4 (−0.2 to 1.1) | 0.203 | 0.03 (−0.5 to 0.5) | 0.888 |
| Bacterial species with reduced abundance in patients with PAH vs. healthy control subjects | ||||||
| F. prausnitzii | 1.8 (2.3) | 7.3 (5.6) | −3.8 (−6.6 to −1.5) | 0.002 | −4.9 (−6.7 to −3.1) | <0.001 |
| E. rectale | 0.6 (1.2) | 6.6 (8.7) | −6.2 (−9.4 to −3.0) | <0.001 | −5.9 (−8.4 to −3.4) | <0.001 |
| R. bicirculans | 0.1 (0.5) | 3.4 (7.7) | −3.1 (−5.8 to −0.4) | 0.023 | −3.2 (−5.2 to −1.1) | 0.002 |
| R. faecis | 0.5 (1.4) | 3.2 (4.9) | −2.4 (−4.4 to −0.5) | 0.015 | −2.6 (−4.0 to −1.1) | 0.001 |
| Prevotella sp. CAG 873 | 0 (0) | 1.7 (9.8) | −4.8 (−8.0 to −1.6) | 0.004 | −1.7 (−4.3 to 0.8) | 0.190 |
| R. inulinivorans | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.8) | −0.4 (−0.9 to −0.1) | 0.067 | −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.1) | 0.034 |
| C. comes | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.6 (1.1) | −0.5 (−0.9 to −0.1) | 0.014 | −0.6 (−0.9 to −0.3) | <0.001 |
| B. coprocola | 0 (0) | 0.3 (1.2) | −0.3 (−0.7 to 0.2) | 0.235 | −0.3 (−0.6 to 0.0) | 0.050 |
| B. obeum | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.9) | −0.5 (−0.8 to −0.1) | 0.005 | −0.5 (−0.7 to −0.2) | <0.001 |
| Clostridium sp. CAG 167 | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.8) | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | 0.275 | −0.3 (−0.6 to −0.1) | 0.009 |
| Firmicutes sp. CAG 110 | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.3 (1.3) | −0.4 (−0.9 to 0.1) | 0.114 | −0.3 (−0.7 to 0.1) | 0.073 |
| D. succinatiphilus | 0 (0) | 0.1 (0.5) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 0.379 | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1) | 0.177 |
| D. formicigenerans | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.4) | −0.3 (−0.5 to −0.1) | <0.001 | −0.3 (−0.4 to −0.2) | <0.001 |
| Oscillibacter sp. 57 20 | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.5) | −0.3 (−0.7 to 0.1) | 0.136 | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.1) | 0.316 |
| R. lactaris | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.9) | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.2) | 0.412 | −0.3 (−0.5 to 0.0) | 0.060 |
Definition of abbreviations: B. coprocola = Bacteroides coprocola; B. obeum = Blautia obeum; B. thetaiotaomicron = Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; B. vulgatus = Bacteroides vulgatus; CAG = coabundance gene; C. comes = Coprococcus comes; CI = confidence interval; D. formicigenerans = Dorea formicigenerans; D. succinatiphilus = Dialister succinatiphilus; E. coli = Escherichia coli; E. rectale = Eubacterium rectale; F. prausnitzii = Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; K. pneumoniae = Klebsiella pneumoniae; PAH = pulmonary arterial hypertension; P. distasonis = Parabacteroides distasonis; P. goldsteinii = Parabactereroides goldsteinii; R. bicirculans = Ruminococcus bicirculans; R. faeci = Roseburia faecis; R. gnavus = Ruminococcus gnavus; R. inulinivorans = Roseburia inulinivorans; R. lactaris = Ruminococcus lactaris.
Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and recent antibiotic use.
Adjusted for the Charlson comorbidity index.