Fig. 5. Correlation of breath VOCs with blood metrics of liver function in cirrhosis subjects.

(A) Correlation plot of identified VOCs and serum bilirubin, albumin, and INR. Blue indicates a negative and red a positive correlation. Circle size and color intensity show the magnitude of the correlation. (B) CCA score plot using the first canonical variates of selected sets of VOCs and blood metrics of liver function. Each projected data point represents the combined information of breath VOCs and blood metrics of one cirrhotic patient. The CCA analysis revealed significant correlations, with R²=0.842. CCA, canonical correlation analysis; INR, international normalized ratio; VOCs, volatile organic compounds.