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. 2023 Mar 10;91(2):123–134. doi: 10.3390/arm91020011

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Clinical comorbidities coexisting with COPD [17,18]. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea.