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Activation and degradation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). In normoxia, HIF-1α is degraded rapidly, while in hypoxic conditions, it is accumulated. HIF-1α associates with HIF-1β, and the resulting heterodimer binds to the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target genes. The factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) is a protein that binds to HIF-1α and inhibits its transactivation function. The von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) protein is a tumor suppressor.
