. 2023 Mar 24;22:42. doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01801-7

Table 5.

Significance of lipoproteins concentration differences between healthy and (pre)diabetic participants under fasting and non-fasting conditions^a

Lipoprotein	Fasting state		IFG	IGT	IFG + IGT	T2D
HDL A	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 1.5	+ 0.6	+ 2.9	+ 4.7
(7 – 8.5 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 2.4	-1.0	+ 1.9	+ 6.2
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.253	0.851	0.264	0.008
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.081	0.890	0.100	0.002
HDL B	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-9.4	-2.2	+ 0.8	-10.0
(8.5 – 10 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-2.7	-3.1	+ 3.4	-5.0
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.005	0.647	0.713	0.146
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.494	0.514	0.364	0.258
HDL C	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-13.9	-5.6	-7.6	-18.0
(10 – 13 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-5.7	-4.5	-6.0	-13.4
	Fasting	P_x-H	< 0.005	0.231	0.432	0.005
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.041	0.343	0.344	0.005
HDL D	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-4.1	+ 2.2	+ 1.3	-3.0
(13 – 16 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 0.3	+ 3.4	+ 1.5	-0.4
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.022	0.972	0.876	0.460
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.615	0.249	0.205	0.827
HDL total	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-2.3	-0.5	+ 1.4	-0.7
(7 – 16 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 0.6	-1.5	+ 1.4	2.0
Apo-A1_NMR^b	Fasting	P_x-H	0.100	0.782	0.683	0.861
Apo-A1_NMR^b	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.528	0.813	0.279	0.154
LDL A	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-9.1	+ 0.1	-3.0	-15.8
(16 – 19 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-3.4	-0.9	-2.9	-9.6
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.001	0.496	0.702	0.008
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.163	0.437	0.653	0.015
LDL B	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-4.2	+ 1.4	+ 1.2	-8.4
(19 – 21 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-0.6	+ 1.3	+ 0.4	-2.9
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.051	0.846	0.820	0.081
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.997	0.771	0.520	0.437
LDL C	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-4.1	+ 0.8	0.0	-9.8
(21 – 22 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-2.1	-1.0	-1.6	-5.6
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.051	0.729	0.805	0.031
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.442	0.694	0.800	0.081
LDL D	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-2.0	+ 1.7	+ 3.4	-7.4
(22 – 25 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-0.2	+ 1.8	+ 0.2	-2.0
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.495	0.922	0.709	0.176
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.752	0.655	0.555	0.696
LDL E	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 2.7	+ 5.6	+ 11.9	-3.3
(25 – 30 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 3.1	+ 5.6	+ 7.8	+ 6.3
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.217	0.220	0.0132	0.653
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.074	0.156	0.012	0.083
LDL total	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-4.6	+ 1.4	+ 1.2	-10.2
(16 – 30 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-1.2	+ 0.7	-0.2	-4.3
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.041	0.776	0.854	0.032
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.803	0.994	0.694	0.230
IDL	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 1.2	0.0	+ 10.1	-5.6
(30 – 40 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 0.9	+ 2.0	+ 3.8	+ 2.0
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.545	0.916	0.202	0.309
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.395	0.556	0.136	0.546
VLDL A	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 5.0	+ 5.3	+ 20.8	+ 0.6
(40 – 60 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 6.1	+ 10.8	+ 14.0	+ 13.0
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.099	0.364	0.053	0.852
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.026	0.049	0.003	0.020
VLDL B	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 4.0	+ 1.8	+ 23.8	-5.7
(60 – 80 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 4.4	+ 6.8	+ 12.8	+ 11.2
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.205	0.819	0.032	0.417
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.096	0.156	0.006	0.055
IDL and VLDL	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 2.6	+ 1.8	+ 14.5	-3.7
(30 – 80 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 2.8	+ 5.1	+ 7.7	+ 6.1
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.248	0.734	0.103	0.629
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.160	0.240	0.029	0.180
Apo-B100_NMR^b	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-4.0	+ 1.4	+ 2.3	-9.7
	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	-0.9	+ 1.1	+ 0.5	-3.4
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.127	0.849	0.667	0.071
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.954	0.881	0.554	0.360
CM Re	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 6.1	+ 6.1	+ 30.3	+ 3.0
(80 – 100 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 10.6	+ 16.7	+ 21.2	+ 18.2
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.062	0.443	0.034	0.927
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.004	0.016	< 0.001	0.011
CM A	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 4.8	+ 2.4	+ 33.3	-4.8
(100 – 150 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 7.1	+ 11.9	+ 21.4	+ 19.0
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.122	0.564	0.011	0.588
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.016	0.041	< 0.001	0.016
CM B	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 5.3	+ 1.3	+ 45.3	-12.0
(> 150 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 12.3	+ 11.0	+ 30.1	+ 20.5
	Fasting	P_x-H	0.205	0.936	0.012	0.284
	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.011	0.154	< 0.001	0.048
CM total	Fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 6.1	+ 5.2	+ 33.0	-0.9
(80 – 430 nm)	Non-fasting	Δc_x-H [%]	+ 9.6	+ 14.8	+ 22.6	+ 19.1
Apo-B48_NMR^b	Fasting	P_x-H	0.083	0.546	0.020	0.804
Apo-B48_NMR^b	Non-fasting	P_x-H	0.006	0.022	< 0.001	0.012

^aΔc_x-H represents the relative particle concentrations c in the groups of (pre)diabetic participants (x) minus those in the control group of healthy participants (H). The error probabilities P are obtained by using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test. They compare the particle concentrations of the healthy control group with the different (pre)diabetic cohorts. Δc values with an error probability P_x-H ≤ 0.05 are presented in bold letters. First column, values in bracket represent the diameter ranges assumed for different subclasses. For more details see Table 3

^bThe NMR derived apolipoprotein concentrations were calculated as described in Table 2