Figure 12.

Stimuli‐responsive materials for dynamic regulation of cell behaviors. a) Thermoresponsive materials have been utilized to design optomechanical actuator nanoparticles that are regulated by temperature to control receptor tension. When the temperature is lower than the LCST, the materials will collapse and exert force to the cell. b) Photoresponsive materials regulate the mechanics of the cellular microenvironments by cleavage/unbinding or crosslinking/binding of polymer/protein networks. c) Magnetic force regulates the cell ligands' binding force and kinetics. d) The external mechanical stretching can induce a controllable reinforcement and reorientations of stress fibers, thereby regulating the cell mechanotransduction.