Figure 15.

Ligand diffusion regulates cell adhesion in an actomyosin force‐independent manner. a) Scheme of the working principle of diffusible monolayer polymer coatings. b) Representative images of FRAP measurement of fluorescence‐labeled ligands with different mobility. c) Representative images of cells after treatment with α5β1 or αvβ3 integrin antibodies for 4 h (Red: F‐actin). d) The distinct signaling pathways for cells on ligand diffusible surfaces. Specifically, the fast ligand diffusion enables cell to recruit α5β1 integrin, activating α5β1 integrin and initiating Rac and RhoA signaling to promote cell adhesion but not osteogenesis. Whereas the slow/constant ligand diffusion surface provide larger cell tractions. It can activate myosin II and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, resulting in an enhanced cell spreading and osteogenesis. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 283 ]} Copyright 2020, Wiley‐VCH.