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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 24.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 6;850:157830. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157830

Figure 6:

Figure 6:

Proposed conceptual framework for NICU-based phthalate exposure and alteration in early growth trajectory during the neonatal period. Phthalate exposure causes endocrine disruption and epigenetic changes in vitro, in animal models, and in non-preterm human studies. These changes could all impact the timing and velocity of the first growth spurt.