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. 2023 Mar 23;45(1):2192285. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2192285

Table 2.

Univariable analysis.

Variable Statistics Univariable
OR (95% CI)
p value
Dexmedetomidine, % 2391 (34.44%) 0.60 (0.59, 0.81) <0.001
Male, % 3268 (47.07%) 0.71 (0.55, 0.92) 0.010
Age, year 53.22 ± 13.91 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) <0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 22.99 ± 2.85 0.97 (0.92, 1.01) 0.1167
Alcohol, % 326 (4.70%) 0.89 (0.53, 1.48) 0.640
Smoking, % 487 (7.01%) 1.22 (0.77, 1.92) 0.394
Hypertension, % 1267 (18.25%) 1.74 (1.31, 2.31) <0.001
Diabetes, % 501 (7.22) 2.11 (1.60, 2.77) <0.001
Vasoactive drugs, % 538 (7.75%) 3.55 (2.73, 4.61) <0.001
Diuretics, % 97 (1.40%) 5.56 (3.20, 9.65) <0.001
ACEI, % 39 (0.56%) 1.44 (0.35, 6.03) 0.614
CCB, % 4 (0.06%) 0.00 (0.00, inf.) 0.969
Hb (g/L) 124.60 ± 22.27 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) <0.001
Alb (g/L) 40.04 ± 5.13 0.89 (0.88, 0.92) <0.001
Preoperation eGFR (mL/min) 98.55 ± 21.92 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) <0.001
ASA, %      
 1 405 (5.83%) 1  
 2 3972 (57.21%) 1.62 (0.65, 4.03) 0.297
 3 2297 (33.08%) 4.49 (1.82, 11.04) <0.001
 4 269 (3.87%) 16.07 (6.29, 41.07) <0.001
 General anesthesia, % 5981 (86.14%) 1.03 (0.71, 1.48) 0.885
 Amount of fluid infusion (mL/24 h) 2100 (1500–3100) 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) 0.019
 Amount of fluid out, mL 600 (300–900) 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) 0.180
 Amount of blood loss (mL/24 h) 200 (50–400) 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) <0.001
 Operative time, min 165 (110–234) 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) 0.059
 Lowest MAP, mmHg 60.54 ± 15.55 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 0.067
 Duration of hypotension, min 15 (10, 22) 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 0.073
 NSAIDs, % 1608 (23.16%) 0.64 (0.45, 0.90) <0.001

Univariable analysis of AKI incidence. ACEI: ACE inhibitors; AKI: acute kidney injury; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI: body mass index; CCB: calcium-channel blockers; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; eGFR: estimate glomerular filtration rate.