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. 2023 Mar 20;15(1):2190304. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2190304

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 3. — LGG ameliorates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. (a) the femur distal metaphyseal region of rats was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (CT). (b-h) Comparison of BMD, BV/TV, BS/TV, Tb.Sp, Tb.N, Tb.Th, SMI between groups. (i-k) Biomechanics of the femur of ovariectomized rats; a three-point bending test was used to detect the stiffness, ultimate load, and deflection. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. (n = 6–12). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 (Dunnett multiple comparisons test). BMD, bone mineral density; BV/TV, bone volume/total volume; BS/BV, bone surface area/bone volume; Tb.Sp, trabecular separation; Tb.N, trabecular number; Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; SMI, structure model index; LGG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus.