Table I.
Sample characteristics by suboptimal (HbA1c ≥7%) and poor (HbA1c ≥9%) glycemic control of employed adults classified with type 2 diabetes, NHANES 1999–2004 (n=369)
| Totala | Glycemic Controlb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Characteristics | Suboptimal | Poor | |||
| N | Yes (%) | No (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 224 | 131 (58.4%) | 93 (41.6%) | 54 (24.1%) | 170 (75.9%) |
| Female | 145 | 85 (58.6%) | 60 (41.4%) | 28 (19.3%) | 117(80.7%) |
| Age group | |||||
| 20–44 | 80 | 51 (63.8%) | 29 (36.2%) | 24 (30.0%) | 56 (70.0%) |
| 45–64 | 233 | 140 (60.1%) | 93 (39.9%) | 55 (23.6%) | 178 (76.4%) |
| 65+ | 56 | 25 (44.6%) | 31 (55.4%) | 3 (0.05% | 53 (95.5%) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 80 | 56 (70.0%) | 24 (30.0%) | 17 (21.5%) | 63 (78.5%) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 92 | 63 (68.5%) | 29 (31.5%) | 27 (29.3%) | 65 (70.7%) |
| Hispanic | 133 | 87 (65.4%) | 46 (34.6%) | 35 (26.3%) | 98 (73.7%) |
| Other | 16 | 10 (62.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | 3 (18.8%) | 13 (81.5%) |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school | 125 | 86 (68.8%) | 39 (31.2%) | 37 (29.6%) | 88 (70.4%) |
| High school graduate | 80 | 40 (50.0%) | 40 (50.0% | 14 (17.5%) | 66 (82.5%) |
| More than high school | 164 | 90 (54.9%) | 174 (94.3%) | 31 (18.9%) | 133 (81.1%) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Not married | 261 | 152 (58.2%) | 109 (41.8%) | 58 (22.2%) | 203 (77.8%) |
| Married/living with partner | 192 | 54 (28.1%) | 138 (71.9%) | 20 (10.4%) | 172 (89.6%) |
| Hours worked during previous week | |||||
| 1–20 hours | 52 | 26 (50.0%) | 26 (50.0%) | 7 (13.5%) | 45 (86.5%) |
| 21–40 hours | 180 | 106 (58.8%) | 172 (41.2%) | 44 (24.4%) | 136 (75.6%) |
| 41+ hours | 119 | 75 (63.0%) | 44 (37.0%) | 28 (23.5%) | 91 (76.5%) |
| Occupational group | |||||
| White collar worker | 166 | 91 (54.8%) | 177 (45.2%) | 30 (18.1%) | 136 (81.9%) |
| Service worker | 74 | 46 (62.2%) | 28 (37.8%) | 15 (20.3%) | 59 (79.7%) |
| Agricultural worker | 10 | 9 (90.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 3 (30.0%) | 7 (70.0%) |
| Blue collar worker | 118 | 70 (59.3%) | 48 (40.7%) | 34 (28.8%) | 84 (71.2%) |
| Insurance status | |||||
| Uninsured | 72 | 40 (55.5%) | 32 (45.5%) | 24 (33.3%) | 48 (66.7%) |
| Insured | 292 | 172 (58.9% | 120 (41.1%) | 57 (19.5%) | 235 (80.5%) |
| Smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure | |||||
| Non-smoker & no SHS | 77 | 47 (61.0%) | 30 (38.9%) | 16 (20.7%) | 61 (79.2%) |
| Smoker with SHS exposure | 192 | 111 (57.8%) | 81 (42.2%) | 44 (22.9%) | 148 (77.1%) |
| Smoker | 91 | 53 (58.2%) | 38 (41.8%) | 19 (20.8%) | 72 (79.2%) |
| History of cardiovascular disease | |||||
| No | 324 | 192 (59.3%) | 132 (40.7%) | 75 (23.1%) | 249 (76.9%) |
| Yes | 45 | 24 (53.3%) | 21 (46.7%) | 7 (15.6%) | 38 (84.4%) |
| Alcohol use | |||||
| No | 127 | 78 (61.5%) | 49 (38.5%) | 27 (21.3%) | 100 (78.7%) |
| Yes | 232 | 131 (56.5%) | 101 (43.5%) | 50 (21.6%) | 182 (78.4%) |
| Physical activity | |||||
| None | 164 | 101 (61.6%) | 63 (38.4%) | 40 (24.4%) | 124 (75.6%) |
| Moderate | 110 | 64 (58.2%) | 46 (41.8%) | 20 (18.2%) | 90 (81.2%) |
| Vigorous | 87 | 48 (55.2%) | 39 (44.8%) | 19 (21.8%) | 68 (78.2%) |
| Take Insulin | |||||
| No | 311 | 171 (55.0%) | 140 (45.0%) | 64 (20.6%) | 247(79.4%) |
| Yes | 58 | 45 (77.6%) | 13 (22.4%) | 18 (31.0%) | 40 (69.0%) |
| Diagnosis of hypertension | |||||
| No | 163 | 101 (62.0%) | 62 (38.0%) | 39 (23.9%) | 124 (76.1%) |
| Yes | 206 | 115 (55.8%) | 91 (44.2%) | 43 (20.8%) | 163 (79.2%) |
| BMI category c | |||||
| Normal/under weight | 55 | 33 (60.0%) | 22 (40.0%) | 16 (30.0%) | 39 (70.0%) |
| Overweight | 124 | 71 (57.3%) | 53 (42.7%) | 29 (23.4%) | 95 (76.6%) |
| Obese | 183 | 108 (59.0%) | 75(41.0%) | 36 (19.7%) | 147 (80.3%) |
a
Totals are based on column percentage, column percentage=100
b
Suboptimal and poor glycemic control are not mutually exclusive
c
BMI categories: Normal/underweight (BMI <25 kg/m2); Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2); Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)