Table II.
Relationship between suboptimal (HbA1c ≥7%) and poor (HbA1c ≥9%) glycemic control and work characteristics among employed adults with type 2 diabetes, NHANES 1999–2004: Weighted multiple logistic regression models adjusted for potential covariates.
| Glycemic Control | ||
|---|---|---|
| Suboptimal | Poor | |
| Characteristic | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Odds Ratio(95% Confidence Interval) |
| Main variables | ||
| Hours worked during previous week | ||
| 1–20 hours | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 21–40 hours | 1.92 (0.72– 5.15) | 1.37 (0.30– 6.36) |
| 41+ hours | 5.09a (1.38–18.76) | 2.05 (0.39–10.72) |
| Occupation | ||
| White collar | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Service | 1.18 (0.50– 2.76) | 0.85 (0.27–2.69) |
| Agricultural worker | 27.6a (1.85– 412.50) | 8.02 (0.78–82.21) |
| Blue Collar | 0.77 (0.36–1.64) | 1.15 (0.41–3.27) |
| Covariates | ||
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.94 (0.36–2.45) | 0.70 (0.32–1.53) |
| Age group (years) | ||
| 20–44 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 45–64 | 0.90 (0.39– 2.10) | 0.65 (0.29–1.48) |
| 65+ | 0.98 (0.38–2.52) | 0.12a (0.02– 0.93) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3.43a (1.51–7.81) | 3.08a (1.18–8.03) |
| Hispanic | 2.11 (0.92– 4.84) | 1.83 (0.61–5.54) |
| Other | 4.23 (0.91–19.69) | 1.52 (0.44–5.25) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High school graduate | 0.53 (0.20–1.40) | 0.98 (0.33–2.92) |
| More than high school | 0.60 (0.28–1.30) | 0.65 (0.27–1.57) |
| Have insurance | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 0.87 (0.35– 2.12) | 0.37a (0.15–0.91) |
| Taking insulin | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 3.98a (1.44–11.00) | 2.79a (1.11–7.00) |
| BMI category | ||
| Under/normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.48 (0.16–1.47) | 0.81 (0.28–2.30) |
| Obese | 0.80 (0.35–1.82) | 0.45 (0.17–1.24) |
| Hypertension diagnosis b | ||
| No | 1.00 | --- |
| Yes | 0.90 (0.49–1.64) | ---- |
| History of cardiovascular disease c | ||
| No | --- | 1.00 |
| Yes | --- | 0.30 (0.07–1.26) |
a
Variables statistically significant at the 5% alpha level;
b
Hypertension diagnosis was not statistically associated with poor glycemic control in univariate analyses at the 20% alpha level and therefore was not included in the adjusted logistic regression model;
c
History of CVD was not statistically associated with suboptimal or borderline glycemic control in univariate analyses at the20% alpha level and therefore was not included in the adjusted logistic regression model