Table 3B.

Outcomes: the standardized mean difference in quality of life, PA and sleep quality.

Outcomes	Authors	Age	Measurements	Std diff in mean	Upper limit	Lower limit	p-value
Quality of life	Bringolf-Isler et al. (2021)	5–11	KINDL-R questionnaire	−1.106	1.207	1.004	<0.001
	Wunsch et al. (2021)_1	4–10	KIDSCREEN-10 index	−0.964	1.067	0.861	<0.001
	Wunsch et al. (2021)_2	11–17	KIDSCREEN-10 index	−0.612	0.717	0.507	<0.001
Overall				−0.894	1.180	0.609	<0.001
Physical activity	Abid et al. (2021)_1	8.66 (3.30)	Total PA score from PA Questionnaire	−0.695	0.980	0.409	<0.001
	Abid et al. (2021)_2	8.66 (3.30)	Leisure PA score from PA Questionnaire	−0.673	0.958	0.388	<0.001
	Abid et al. (2021)_3	8.66 (3.30)	Daily PA score from PA Questionnaire	−0.974	1.267	0.681	<0.001
	Burdzovic Andreas and Brunborg (2021)	Grade 11 (est. 16)	% of adolescent participated in organized sports	−0.205	0.331	0.078	0.002
	Chen et al. (2022)	13.50 (0.40)	PA 60 min/day (days/week)	0.000	0.097	0.097	1.000
	Jackson et al. (2021)	13.84 (2.74)	Outdoor Activity Score (Times per week from 5-point scale questionnaire)	−0.600	0.713	0.486	<0.001
	Jovanović et al. (2021)	12.72 (1.17)	MET-min/week	−2.164	2.259	2.070	<0.001
	Łuszczki et al. (2021)	10.51 (2.13)	PA 60 min/day (days/week)	−0.294	0.422	0.166	<0.001
	Wunsch et al. (2021)_1	11–17	Mo Mo Physical activity Questionnaire	0.169	0.067	0.270	0.001
	Wunsch et al. (2021)_2	4–10	Mo Mo Physical activity Questionnaire	0.361	0.271	0.451	<0.001
Overall				−0.506	1.070	0.059	0.079
Sleep quality	Abid et al. (2021)	8.66 (3.33)	Global PSQI score	−1.810	2.139	1.481	<0.001
	Aguilar-Farias et al. (2020)	3.10 (1.38)	Likert Scale score	−0.452	0.502	0.402	<0.001
	Alonso-Martínez et al. (2021)	4.28 (0.80)	Device-measured sleep efficiency (%)	−0.443	1.055	0.169	0.156
	Jaureguić et al. (2021)	3.30 (0.20)	Likert Scale score	−6.325	6.054	6.054	<0.001
	Łuszczki et al. (2021)	10.51 (2.13)	Four-point scale questionnaire	0.121	0.006	0.248	0.063
Overall				−1.785	3.392	0.177	0.030