Table 3C.
Outcomes: the mean time change in sleep duration before and during COVID-19.
| Authors | Subgroup | Age group | Mean diff (h/day) | Upper limit | Lower limit | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguilar-Farias et al. (2020) | Not reported | Preschoolers | 0.090 | 0.000 | 0.180 | 0.050 |
| Alonso-Martínez et al. (2021) | Not reported | Preschoolers | 0.110 | −0.520 | 0.740 | 0.730 |
| Hossain et al. (2021) | Not reported | Preschoolers | −0.210 | −0.400 | −0.020 | 0.030 |
| Hyunshik et al. (2021) | Not reported | Preschoolers | 0.070 | −0.030 | 0.170 | 0.190 |
| Jaureguić et al. (2021) | Not reported | Preschoolers | −0.200 | −0.210 | −0.190 | <0.001 |
| Lim et al. (2021) | Preschoolers | Preschoolers | 0.340 | 0.083 | 0.597 | 0.010 |
| Preschoolers | 0.011 | −0.169 | 0.190 | 0.908 | ||
| Abid et al. (2021) | Not reported | Children | 0.010 | −0.230 | 0.250 | 0.930 |
| Francisco et al. (2020)_1 | Total | Children | 0.400 | 0.290 | 0.510 | <0.001 |
| Francisco et al. (2020)_2 | Italy | Children | 0.360 | 0.190 | 0.530 | <0.001 |
| Francisco et al. (2020)_3 | Spain | Children | 0.220 | 0.050 | 0.390 | 0.010 |
| Francisco et al. (2020)_4 | Portugal | Children | 0.680 | 0.470 | 0.890 | <0.001 |
| Ghanamah and Eghbaria-Ghanamah (2021) | Not reported | Children | 0.610 | 0.500 | 0.720 | <0.001 |
| Jovanović et al. (2021) | Not reported | Children | 0.290 | 0.230 | 0.350 | <0.001 |
| Medrano et al. (2021)_1 | Weekday | Children | 0.000 | −0.210 | 0.210 | 1.000 |
| Medrano et al. (2021)_1 | Weekend | Children | −0.200 | −0.460 | 0.060 | 0.130 |
| Lim et al. (2021) | Primary schoolers | Children | 0.500 | 0.371 | 0.629 | <0.001 |
| Łuszczki et al. (2021)_1 | Weekday | Children | −0.280 | −0.454 | −0.106 | 0.002 |
| Łuszczki et al. (2021)_2 | Weekend | Children | −0.590 | −0.768 | −0.412 | <0.001 |
| Children | 0.174 | −0.010 | 0.357 | 0.064 | ||
| Chen et al. (2022)_1 | Non-school day | Adolescents | −0.260 | −0.380 | −0.140 | <0.001 |
| Chen et al. (2022)_2 | School day | Adolescents | −0.610 | −0.700 | −0.520 | <0.001 |
| Dragun et al. (2020)_1 | Non-working day | Adolescents | −0.500 | −0.650 | −0.350 | <0.001 |
| Dragun et al. (2020)_2 | Working day | Adolescents | 1.500 | 1.350 | 1.650 | <0.001 |
| Jester and Kang (2021) | Not reported | Adolescents | 2.000 | 1.448 | 2.552 | <0.001 |
| Lim et al. (2021) | Secondary schoolers | Adolescents | 0.200 | −0.064 | 0.464 | 0.137 |
| Adolescents | 0.364 | −0.346 | 1.074 | 0.315 | ||
| Overall | 0.099 | −0.027 | 0.225 | 0.125 |
Key: The number after all the authors indicated different sets of data extracted for analysis in the outcomes accordingly. PA, physical activity; MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity; LPA, light physical activity; PSQI, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.