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. 2023 Mar 14;19(3):e1010665. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010665

Fig 10. Long-term optogenetic activation of RIS increases overall RIS calcium activity and promotes survival.

Fig 10

A) Sample trace of control larvae without retinal in which RIS cannot be activated optogenetically. RIS speed was measured. B) Long-term optogenetic RIS activation by orange light in the presence of retinal. C) Long-term activation of RIS by ReaChR leads to an initial strong increase in calcium activity in RIS and simultaneous mobility quiescence followed by a mild RIS activity increase yet no increase in movement speed or movement quiescence. D) Comparison of RIS activity level changes caused by RIS::unc-58gf(strong) and by optogenetic activation of RIS. The data was normalized to their respective controls. E) Long-term optogenetic activation of RIS significantly increases RIS baseline. *p<0.05 Welch test. F) Transients in RIS are significantly reduced in magnitude and don’t correlate with quiescence. **p<0.01 Welch test. G) Long-term optogenetic activation of RIS inside microfluidic chambers leads to a small increase in survival (p = 0.09 Logrank test, p = 0.02 Fisher’s Exact Test, the average of all individual worms of all three technical replicates was averaged, n = 92 for RIS::ReaChR(+ATR), n = 98 RIS::ReaChR(-ATR), n = 124 wild type (+ATR), n = 108 wild type (-ATR)).