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. 2023 Jan 13;55(3):413–420. doi: 10.1007/s00726-022-03230-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and protein adducts in human skeletal myotubes. A Glucose uptake in LHC and T2D; B GLO1 expression in T2D myotubes; C MGO-modified proteins in T2D cells under basal and insulin-stimulated (INS) conditions; D 4-HNE-modified proteins in T2D cells under basal and INS conditions (n = 3 independent experiments per condition, n = 3–4 replicates per experiment). *p < 0.05. β-al β-alanine, Car carnosine, LHC lean healthy control, OCR O₂ consumption rate, T2D type-2 diabetic