Table 1.
PICOS eligibility criteria
| PICO item | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patient engaged in rehabilitation due to underlying cardiovascular disease, including but not limited to myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass, stable angina, ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, aortic aneurysm, cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, hypertensive heart disease endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease | N/A |
| Interventions | Virtual or mobile (mHealth) healthcare solutions [defined as a care team + connected devices + a digital solution (e.g. smartphone app) or a platform], which can also include telephonic interventions or infrastructures such as an health care practitioner/nurse call centres | Self-contained devices or apps |
| Comparators | Any or none | N/A |
| Outcomes | Efficacy/effectiveness outcomes: • Improvements in risk factors, exercise capacity, cardiovascular symptoms, blood pressure, metabolic panel, body-mass index (BMI), anxiety/depression, and medication adherence to secondary preventive therapies • Survival after an initial cardiac event • User adherence/compliance Safety outcomes (including but not limited to): • Total adverse events, device-related adverse events, serious adverse events, adverse events leading to discontinuation of study, major adverse cardiac events including not limited to: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization (all reasons), • Increase of existing diuretic dose or addition of a new diuretic due to fluid retention, hyperkalaemia, heart failure measures (heart failure progression, B-type natriuretic peptide biomarker change) Health-related quality-of-life outcomes • Patient reported and health related quality of life (including but not limited to EuroQol-5D, EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale, Heart Quality of Life, MacNew Heart Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, Quality of Life after Myocardial Infarction, The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) |
N/A |
| Study design | • Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) • Non-randomized clinical trials • Observational studies • Cohort studies (retrospective and prospective) • Case-control studies • Cross-sectional studies • Systematic literature reviews |
• Notes • Letters • Editorials • Comments • Case reports/series |
| Additional criteria (limits) | ||
| Timing | None | |
| Setting | None | |
| Publication date limit | None | |
| Language | No limit on language was set for the search. Title and abstracts in English were screened. | |