Table 3.
Functional outcomes following exoskeleton training or convectional training, and comparison among times and interventions
| Intervention Mean (SD) | Pairwise comparison (p-value, η2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post-intervention | Change | Baseline vs. Post-intv | IG vs. CG | |
| IG | |||||
| 10MWT (m/s) | 0.34 (0.16) | 0.57 (0.41) | 0.19 (0.16) | 0.03*, η2 = 0.39 | 0.69, η2 = 0.04 |
| TUG (s) | 40.50 (19.70) | 27.3 (15.57) | − 13.23 (7.71) | 0.00*, η2 = 0.63 | 0.99, η2 = 0.16 |
| 6MWT (m) | 114.67 (71.21) | 183.56 (133.10) | 68.79 (67.55) | 0.00*, η2 = 0.43 | 0.75, η2 = 0.03 |
|
WISCI-II (0–20) |
8.36 (3.98) | 11.91 (4.25) | 3.54 (2.65) | 0.00*, η2 = 0.60 | 0.00*, η2 = 0.32 |
|
SCIM-III (0–100) |
73.54 (7.76) | 75.72 (10.05) | 2.18 (3.37) | 0.03*, η2 = 0.23 | 0.90, η2 = 0.01 |
| CG | |||||
| 10MWT (m/s) | 0.41 (0.22) | 0.52 (0.36) | 0.12 (0.17) | 0.04*, η2 = 0.21 | |
| TUG (s) | 37.37 (20.38) | 30.42 (20.20) | − 6.9 (7.22) | 0.01*, η2 = 0.33 | |
| 6MWT (m) | 110.95 (72.16) | 159.05(125.50) | 48.10 (48.58) | 0.02*, η2 = 0.27 | |
|
WISCI-II (0–20) |
11.7 (3.8) | 12.40 (4.45) | 0.7 (1.49) | 0.28, η2 = 0.05 | |
|
SCIM-III (0–100) |
73.8 (5.49) | 76.3 (6.10) | 2.4 (2.7) | 0.02*, η2 = 0.24 | |
CG: control group; IG: intervention group; *significant differences (p < 0.05). η2: calculated effect size. 10MWT: 10 Meters Walking Test; TUG: Test Up and Go; 6MWT: 6 Minutes Walking Test; WISCI-II: Walking Index Spinal Cord Injury-II; SCIM-III: Spinal Cord Independence Measurement-III