Table 1.
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics by insomnia status
| Characteristic | Insomnia (n = 407,969) |
No Insomnia (n = 603,677) |
Effect Sizea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.6 (10.7) | 70.3 (10.9) | 0.44 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 387,395 (94.9) | 586,246 (97.1) | 0.06 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.06 | ||
| White | 308,410 (75.6) | 462,047 (76.5) | |
| Black | 52,229 (12.8) | 63,836 (10.6) | |
| Hispanic | 13,917 (3.4) | 14,855 (2.5) | |
| Other/Missing | 33,413 (8.2) | 62,939 (10.4) | |
| Marital Status, n (%) | 0.06 | ||
| Married | 203,047 (49.7) | 313,258 (51.9) | |
| Never married | 167,807 (41.1) | 217,098 (35.9) | |
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 36,455 (8.9) | 710,264 (11.8) | |
| Other/Missing | 660 (0.2) | 2,057 (0.3) | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 207,076 (50.8) | 247,855 (41.1) | 0.10 |
| Combat deployment, n (%) | 43,381 (10.6) | 56,057 (9.3) | 0.02 |
| Any Service connection, n (%) | 246,566 (60.4) | 266,034 (44.1) | 0.16 |
| VA service connection compensation, n (%) | 0.19 | ||
| None | 149,069 (36.5) | 317,967 (52.7) | |
| < 50% | 65,861 (16.1) | 110,935 (18.4) | |
| ≥ 50% | 180,761 (44.3) | 155,254 (25.7) | |
| Missing | 12,278 (3.0) | 19,521 (3.2) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 30.0 (7.1) | 27.7 (6.2) | 0.31 |
| Any Comorbidity, n (%) | 378,945 (92.9) | 464,837 (77.0) | 0.21 |
| Select Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 161,661 (39.6) | 45,371 (7.5) | 0.38 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 201,840 (49.5) | 213,591 (35.4) | 0.14 |
| Restless legs syndrome | 20,337 (4.9) | 10,312 (1.7) | 0.09 |
| Asthma | 31,513 (7.7) | 29,642 (4.9) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes | 184,343 (38.5) | 205,013 (33.9) | 0.11 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 184,852 (45.3) | 240,723 (39.9) | 0.05 |
| Stroke | 19,963 (4.9) | 21,285 (3.5) | 0.03 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | 22,577 (5.5) | 23,829 (3.9) | 0.03 |
| Depression | 87,512 (21.5) | 32,631 (5.4) | 0.24 |
| Anxiety | 39,131 (9.6) | 18,190 (3.0) | 0.14 |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 129,897 (31.84) | 62,753 (10.4) | 0.26 |
Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; SD = standard deviation, VA = Veterans Affairs
a By Cramer’s V for categorical data and Cohen’s d for continuous data, as appropriate. Cramer’s V: >0.05 = weak, > 0.10 = moderate, > 0.15 = strong. Cohen’s d: 0.20 = small, 0.50 = medium, 0.80 = large