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. 2023 Mar 24;22:67. doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01783-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Associations of moderate versus light total alcohol consumption with the total MVD composite score in the general population. Betas and 95% confidence intervals indicate the strength of the associations of total alcohol consumption (moderate versus light) with total MVD composite score (per SD) where a negative beta indicates less MVD. The number of participants in analyses and the numerical values per SD for all endpoints are reported in the legends of Table 2 (general population), Additional file 1: Table S4 (history of cardiovascular disease strata) and Additional file 1: Table S5 (sex strata). Variables included in model 3B are age, sex (where applicable), glucose metabolism status, education level, waist circumference, smoking status, diet score, office systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, lipid-modifying medication, and history of cardiovascular disease (where applicable). *indicates P-value < 0.05. B, beta; CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation; MVD, microvascular dysfunction