Figure 5-. American black bear demographic history and TYRP1^R153C allele expansion.

Ursus americanus demographic estimates over time. (A) Approximate completion of divergence and (B) bidirectional migration between lineage pairs including: eastern and western (solid blue line), eastern and Southeast Alaska (dashed blue line), and western and Southeast Alaska (dashed orange line). The vertical black line represents the estimated allele age of TYRP1^R153C (also see Figure S4). (C) Our working model of historic lineage divergence (purple arrows), approximate geographic region of TYRP1^R153C mutation (asterisks, *), and migration across the species’ geographic range (solid black arrows; dashed black arrow indicating recent translocation).