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. 2023 Mar 25;6:323. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04693-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a, b Sperm trajectories before (a) and after (b) treatment with 25 μM Bay117082, as recorded by CASA. c–j Changes in sperm motility parameters after treatment with 25 μM Bay117082 for 10 min. VCL, VAP, VSL, LIN, STR and WOB are presented in radar charts. ALH is shown in bar graphs. c–f Bay117082-induced changes in parameters related to the motility of normozoospermic (c, d) and asthenozoospermic (e, f) sperm, with basal VCL ≤ 100 μm/s. g–j Bay117082-induced changes in parameters related to the motility of normozoospermic (g, h) and asthenozoospermic (i, j) sperm with basal VCL > 100 μm/s. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, as compared with the control (0 μM).