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. 2023 Mar 25;6:323. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04693-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a, b Changes in VCL and ALH of sperm treated with 25 μM Bay117082 in BWW-GPL or BWW media for 10 and 30 mins. BWW-GPL: BWW media lacking glucose (G), pyruvate (P) and lactic acid (L). Values represent mean ± SEM (n = 7), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, as compared with the corresponding control (0 μM) in each medium. c Changes in motile percent of sperm incubated with 500 μM α-chlorohydrin (ACH) for 1 h. Values represent mean ± SEM (n = 7), **p < 0.01. d Changes in VCL of sperm treated with 25 μM Bay117082 in the absence or presence of 500 μM ACH for 1 h. Values represent mean ± SEM (n = 7), ***p < 0.001, as compared with the corresponding control.