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. 2023 Mar 25;13:4897. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31647-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Rutin improved colon lesions in diabetic mice. (A) H&E staining of colon tissues in ND, T1DM, T1DM-Rutin100 and T1DM-Rutin200 mouse groups (scale bar: 20 μm). Red arrows: crypts; black arrows: villi. (B) Histopathological scores of colon tissues in T1DM mice using H&E staining. (C) H&E staining of colon tissues in ND, T2DM, T2DM-Rutin100 and T2DM-Rutin200 groups. Red arrows: vacuole; black arrows: villi (scale bar: 20 μm). (D) Histopathological scores of colon tissues in T2DM mice by H&E staining. (E) Immunohistochemistry indicated that collagen I protein levels were increased in diabetic mice, which was recovered by rutin treatment (scale bar: 20 μm). Values are means ± SD (n = 5): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.