Table 1.
The main volatile essential oil compounds in aromatic medicinal plants grown in the mid hill conditions of the western Himalaya.
| Essential oil compounds | RI | Aromatic medicinal plants | Identification methods | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Literature | Origanum majorana | Origanum vulgare | Cymbopogon winterianus | Pelargonium graveolens | Nepeta cataria | ||
| Area (%) | ||||||||
| α-Thujene | 925 | 924 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 1.77 ± 0.01 | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| α-Pinene | 934 | 932 | 0.64 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Sabinene | 973 | 969 | 5.4 ± 0.01 | – | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| β-Pinene | 979 | 974 | 1.70 ± 0.01 | – | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| β-Myrcene | 986 | 988 | 4.92 ± 0.19 | 1.69 ± 0.01 | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| α-Terpinene | 1017 | 1014 | 4.02 ± 0.03 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Limonene | 1030 | 1024 | – | 2.76 ± 0.01 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS | |
| α-Phellandrene | 1026 | 1025 | 4.13 ± 0.17 | 2.28 ± 0.02 | – | 0.53 ± 0.11 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| cis-Sabinene hydrate | 1030 | 1065 | 10.26 ± 0.28 | 27.48 ± 0.17 | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Terpinolene | 1074 | 1086 | 5.02 ± 0.10 | – | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Linalool | 1102 | 1095 | – | – | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 1.18 ± 0.01 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| trans-Sabinene hydrate | 1086 | 1098 | 1.87 ± 0.76 | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS | |
| Rose oxide B | 1113 | 1106 | – | – | – | 2.54 ± 0.05 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol | 1104 | 1118 | 15.54 ± 0.46 | – | – | 0.89 ± 0.11 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Menthone | 1132 | 1148 | – | – | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Citronellal | 1155 | 1148 | – | – | 41.24 ± 0.37 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Menthone < iso- > | 1149 | 1158 | – | – | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Terpinen-4-ol | 1185 | 1174 | 31.81 ± 0.34 | 14.62 ± 0.12 | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Menthan-2-one < cis-ρ- > | 1178 | 1194 | – | – | – | 12.67 ± 0.06 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Citronellol | 1230 | 1223 | – | – | 9.91 ± 0.02 | 43.35 ± 0.48 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Geraniol | 1256 | 1249 | – | – | 16.8 ± 2.65 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Phenol | 1273 | 1264 | – | – | 0.51 ± 0.12 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Citronellyl formate | 1277 | 1271 | – | – | – | 20.99 ± 1.73 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Citral < dimethoxy-(Z)- > | 1305 | 1316 | – | – | – | 0.54 ± 0.21 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Thymol | 1296 | 1289 | – | 43.13 ± 0.97 | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Citronellyl acetate | 1348 | 1350 | – | – | 2.90 ± 0.05 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Neryl acetate | 1378 | 1359 | – | – | 2.66 ± 0.57 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Nepetalactone < 4aα,7α,7aβ- > | 1380 | 1386 | – | – | – | 91.43 ± 0.30 | RI, GC, GC/MS | |
| β-Elemene | 1388 | 1389 | – | – | 2.07 ± 0.40 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Caryophyllene | 1417 | 1408 | 4.46 ± 0.04 | – | – | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Citronellyl propanoate | 1440 | 1444 | – | – | – | 2.26 ± 0.10 | 2.25 ± 0.02 | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Germacrene D | 1482 | 1484 | – | – | 1.18 ± 0.03 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| β-Selinene | 1498 | 1489 | – | – | 0.67 ± 0.45 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| γ-Cadinene | 1519 | 1513 | – | – | 1.58 ± 0.02 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Citronellyl butanoate | 1526 | 1530 | – | – | 1.58 ± 0.10 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS | |
| Elemol | 1554 | 1548 | – | – | 5.34 ± 0.20 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS | |
| Phenyl ethyl tiglate < 2- > | 1597 | 1584 | – | – | – | 0.71 ± 0.48 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Eudesmol < 10-epi-γ- > | 1624 | 1622 | – | – | – | 2.71 ± 0.27 | - | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| γ-Eudesmol | 1642 | 1630 | – | – | 0.58 ± 0.04 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| α-Cadinol | 1653 | 1652 | – | – | 1.37 ± 0.19 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Eudesmol | 1668 | 1661 | – | – | 4.66 ± 0.03 | – | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
| Citronellyl tiglate | 1668 | 1666 | – | – | – | 1.33 ± 0.09 | – | RI, GC, GC/MS |
RI retention index, GC gas chromatography, GC/MS gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
The values are mean ± standard deviation.