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. 2023 Mar 26;59(6):1172–1180. doi: 10.1007/s10597-023-01100-6

Table 2.

Trends in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores over time

Fixed effects PHQ-9 GAD-7
Estimate 95% CI P value Estimate 95% CI P value
Constant 20.1 (19.5, 20.6) < 0.001 16.0 (15.6, 16.5) < 0.001
Time − 1.6 (− 1.9, − 1.3) < 0.001 − 1.5 (− 1.8, − 1.2) < 0.001
Random effects Estimate 95% CI Estimate 95% CI
Between-individual intercept variance 25.3 (21.1, 30.3) 15.4 (12.8, 18.6)
Between-individual slope variance 2.9 (1.8, 4.6) 3.1 (2.1, 4.5)
Between-individual intercept-slope covariance 2.7 (0.9, 4.5) 1.0 (− 0.3, 2.3)
Within-individual variance 7.8 (6.6, 9.3) 5.2 (4.4, 6.2)