Skip to main content
. 2023 Mar 26;59(6):1172–1180. doi: 10.1007/s10597-023-01100-6

Table 3.

Trends in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores over time according to gender

 Fixed effects PHQ-9 GAD-7
Estimate 95% CI P value Estimate 95% CI P value
Constant 20.8 (20.0, 21.6) < 0.001 16.5 (15.9, 17.1) < 0.001
Time − 1.6 (− 2.0, -1.1) < 0.001 − 1.4 (− 1.8, − 1.0) < 0.001
Gender*Time − 0.1 (− 0.7, 0.6) 0.835 − 0.2 (− 0.7, 0.4) 0.584
Random effects Estimate 95% CI Estimate 95% CI
Between-individual intercept variance 24.7 (20.6, 29.7) 15.1 (12.5, 18.2)
Between-individual slope variance 2.9 (1.8, 4.6) 3.1 (2.1, 4.4)
Between-individual intercept-slope covariance 2.7 (0.9, 4.5) 0.9 (− 3.6, 2.5)
Within-individual variance 7.9 (6.7, 9.3) 5.2 (4.4, 6.2)