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. 2023 Mar 26;59(6):1172–1180. doi: 10.1007/s10597-023-01100-6

Table 4.

Trends in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores over time according to age

 Fixed effects PHQ-9 GAD-7
Estimate 95% CI P value Estimate 95% CI P value
Constant 21.3 (19.8, 22.9) < 0.001 16.7 (15.5, 17.9) < 0.001
Time − 0.9 (− 1.8, -0.1) 0.033 − 0.7 (− 1.5, 0.0) 0.058
Age*Time − 0.2 (− 0.4, 0.0) 0.102 − 0.2 (− 0.4, − 0.0) 0.042
Random effects Estimate 95% CI Estimate 95% CI
Between-individual intercept variance 25.0 (20.8, 30.0) 15.3 (12.7, 18.5)
Between-individual slope variance 2.8 (1.8, 4.6) 3.0 (2.1, 4.4)
Between-individual intercept-slope covariance 2.6 (0.8, 4.4) 0.9 (− 0.4, 2.2)
Within-individual variance 7.9 (6.7, 9.3) 5.2 (4.3, 6.1)