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. 2023 Mar 26;59(6):1172–1180. doi: 10.1007/s10597-023-01100-6

Table 5.

Trends in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores over time according to mental health diagnosis

MH diagnosis PHQ-9 GAD-7
Estimate 95% CI P value Estimate 95% CI P value
0 − 5.0 (− 10.3, 0.3) 0.065 − 5.0 (− 9.7, − 0.3) 0.038
1 − 0.8 (− 1.9, 0.3) 0.160 − 0.4 (− 1.4, 0.6) 0.460
2 − 1.2 (− 3.5, 1.2) 0.327 − 1.1 (− 3.2, 0.9) 0.273
3 − 1.7 (− 2.5, − 1.0) 0.000 − 1.6 (− 2.3, − 1.0) 0.000
4 − 1.5 (− 2.1, − 0.9) 0.000 − 1.8 (− 2.3, − 1.2) 0.000
5 − 0.1 (− 2.2, 2.0) 0.895 0.8 (− 1.1, 2.6) 0.421

0 - Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors, 1 - Disorders of adult personality and behaviour, 2 – Mental and Behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use, 3 - Mood [affective] disorders, 4 - Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders, 5 - Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders