Fig. 4.

Experimental workflows for measurement of ATP utilization during a helicase-promoted RNA folding transition. Workflows are shown for ATPase (A), RNA refolding (B), and combined ATPase and refolding (C) rate measurements. Asterisks indicate radioactively labeled components (ATP and/or ribozyme substrate oligonucleotide). In (C), the concentrations of folding quench components should be adjusted to be 80% lower than those listed in Section 3.3.2 (step 3) to account for the slightly larger volume required to provide sufficient sample for both TLC and gel analysis.