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. 2023 Mar 27:1–9. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s40618-023-02048-w

Table 2.

Frequency of COVID-19 signs and symptoms at the disease onset in the sample as a whole and by a history of hypothyroidism

All (n = 1245) History of hypothyroidism p value
No (n = 1112) Yes (n = 75)
Symptoms/signs of COVID-19
 Fever 708 (56.9) 633 (56.9) 75 (56.8) 0.317
 Pharyngodynia 48 (3.9) 42 (3.8) 6 (4.5) 0.152
 Cough 443 (35.6) 395 (35.5) 48 (36.4) 0.456
 Sneezing 52 (4.2) 46 (4.1) 6 (4.5) 0.117
 Dyspnoea* 610 (49.0) 550 (49.4) 60 (45.5) 0.200
 Low oxygen saturation* 607 (48.8) 551 (49.5) 56 (42.4) 0.031
 Tachypnea* 420 (33.7) 378 (34.0) 42 (31.8) 0.08
 Weakness 479 (38.5) 436 (39.2) 43 (32.6) 0.07
 Fall or fainted 45 (3.6) 37 (3.3) 8 (6.1) 0.109
 Muscle aching 60 (4.8) 48 (4.3) 12 (9.1) 0.02
 Delirium 86 (6.9) 78 (7.0) 8 (6.1) 0.342
 Loss of smell 11 (0.9) 8 (0.7) 3 (2.3) 0.013
 Loss of taste 14 (1.1) 10 (0.9) 4 (3.0) 0.06
 Anorexia 123 (9.9) 117 (10.5) 6 (4.5) 0.01
 Gastrointestinal symptoms 134 (10.8) 123 (11.1) 11 (8.3) 0.164
 Sudden health worsening 240 (19.3) 213 (19.1) 27 (20.5) 0.221
Inflammatory markers
 WBC [× 109/l] 7.6 (6.0) 7.7 (6.2) 6.9 (4.2) 0.28
 Neutrophils [%] 74.2 (14.9) 74.5 (15.2) 71.7 (12.7) 0.15
 Lymphocytes [%] 15.7 (10.2) 15.3 (10.0) 19.5 (11.1) 0.001
 NLratio 8.4 (11.6) 8.7 (12.1) 6.0 (5.9) 0.078
 LDH [U/l] 362.1 (204.7) 366.8 (211.0) 322.9 (136.9) 0.126
 CRP [mg/l] 108.6 (344.7) 112.1 (361.0) 76.7 (122.1) 0.426
 Procalcitonin [ng/ml] 1.4 (7.0) 1.4 (7.3) 1.1 (3.8) 0.801
Disease severity (WHO) 0.164
 No oxygen therapy 313 (25.1) 276 (24.8) 37 (28.0) 0.482
 Low-flow oxygen therapy 476 (38.2) 422 (37.9) 54 (40.9) 0.566
 High-flow oxygen therapy, NIV or intubation 295 (23.7) 274 (24.6) 21 (15.9) 0.034

Missing in fever n = 314, pharyngodynia n = 434, cough n = 376, sneezing n = 431, dyspnea n = 336, low SpO2 n = 371, tachypnea n = 437, weakness n = 437, fall or fainted n = 486, muscle aching n = 507, delirium n = 460, loss of smell n = 590, loss of taste n = 591, anorexia n = 497, gastrointestinal symptoms n = 462, sudden health worsening n = 462, WBC n = 823, neutrophils n = 507, lymphocytes n = 628, NLratio n = 620, CRP n = 725, procalcitonin n = 587, oxygen requirements n = 161

CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactic dehydrogenase, NLratio neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, WBC white blood cell count

p values < 0.05 are shown in bold

*Data are in ambient air