Table 1.
OLS and 2SLS-IV estimates.
| First-stage |
OLS |
IV-2SLS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Second stage | |||
| Variables | Contract COVID-19 | Return to city | Return to city |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| No. of unique sources of info on COVID-19 | 0.00674 | ||
| (0.0275) | |||
| No. of unique prevention strategies identified | −0.113⁎⁎ | ||
| (0.0519) | |||
| Migrant (5–10 months) | −0.125⁎⁎ | 0.213⁎⁎ | 0.459⁎⁎ |
| (0.0531) | (0.0863) | (0.178) | |
| Migrant (> 10 months) | −0.250⁎⁎⁎ | 0.251⁎⁎⁎ | 0.0189 |
| (0.0664) | (0.0945) | (0.225) | |
| (Predicted) Chance of contracting COVID-19 | −0.0219 | −1.659⁎⁎⁎ | |
| (0.0773) | (0.519) | ||
| Interaction terms | |||
| (Predicted) COVID-19 Chance X Migrant (5 −10 months) | −0.185* | −0.929⁎⁎⁎ | |
| (0.0970) | (0.226) | ||
| (Predicted) COVID-19 Chance X Migrant (> 10 months) | −0.130 | −0.542* | |
| (0.121) | (0.303) | ||
| Behavioural factors | |||
| Subjective well-being | −0.0286⁎⁎ | 0.0240* | −0.0443⁎⁎ |
| (0.0132) | (0.0138) | (0.0214) | |
| Risk aversion | −0.0293 | −0.0982 | −0.119* |
| (0.0815) | (0.0643) | (0.0661) | |
| Impatience | 0.0945* | 0.0840* | 0.238⁎⁎⁎ |
| (0.0549) | (0.0484) | (0.0690) | |
| Loss aversion | −0.137⁎⁎ | 0.0916* | −0.232⁎⁎⁎ |
| (0.0635) | (0.0488) | (0.0879) | |
| Socio-demographic factors | |||
| Social capital index | −0.170* | 0.0734 | −0.284⁎⁎⁎ |
| (0.0879) | (0.0671) | (0.0985) | |
| Years of education | −0.00108 | −0.0149 | −0.0235* |
| (0.0159) | (0.0139) | (0.0130) | |
| Religion (base: Hindu) | −0.110* | 0.00203 | −0.205⁎⁎⁎ |
| (0.0639) | (0.0497) | (0.0755) | |
| Married | −0.0537 | −0.102⁎⁎ | −0.227⁎⁎⁎ |
| (0.0503) | (0.0464) | (0.0506) | |
| Dependents | 0.0818⁎⁎⁎ | −0.0710⁎⁎ | 0.101⁎⁎ |
| (0.0243) | (0.0286) | (0.0473) | |
| Land owned | 0.0301⁎⁎ | −0.0393⁎⁎⁎ | 0.0289 |
| (0.0138) | (0.0116) | (0.0187) | |
| Standardized monthly income | 0.0248 | 0.0294 | 0.0802⁎⁎⁎ |
| (0.0284) | (0.0212) | (0.0242) | |
| Amount of loan taken (INR) | 1 × 10−7 | −7 × 10−7⁎⁎⁎ | −1 × 10−7 |
| (6 × 10−7) | (2 × 10−7) | (2 × 10−7) | |
| Own bank account | 0.103 | −0.0867 | 0.189⁎⁎ |
| (0.0711) | (0.0688) | (0.0942) | |
| Constant | 0.758⁎⁎⁎ | 0.437⁎⁎ | 1.658⁎⁎⁎ |
| (0.174) | (0.173) | (0.431) | |
| Observations | 418 | 418 | 418 |
| R-squared | 0.187 | 0.215 | 0.291 |
| Hausman Specification Test | 21.01⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| Anderson-Rubin likelihood ratio test | 1.23 | ||
| First-stage F-stat / Sanderson-Windmeijer test | 2.55* | ||
| Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic for under identification | 5.80* | ||
| Weak identification Cragg-Donald Wald F-stat | 3.02* | ||
| Hansen J-statistic for overidentification | 1.45 | ||
| Weak instruments robust inference tests | |||
| Anderson-Rubin Wald F-stat | 17.34⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| Stock-Wright LM S statistic | 38.08⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| Conditional LR test | 32.11⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| LM K test statistic | 4.44⁎⁎ | ||
| Anderson-Rubin chi-square test statistic | 33.05⁎⁎⁎ | ||
⁎⁎⁎
p<0.01.
⁎⁎
p<0.05.
⁎
p<0.1
Note: Results from OLS and two-stage least squares regressions (linear probability models) reported. All estimations include state fixed effects. Robust standard errors in parentheses.