Table 1.

Summary of human studies investigating mTOR localization in skeletal muscle. Estimated percent change is expressed for studies when possible. n.a., Not applicable (i.e. not measured); T, Resistance Exercise Trained; UT, Untrained; R.Ex, Resistance exercise; CHO, Carbohydrate; EAA, Essential amino acids; LEAA, Leucine-enriched EAA; RT, Resistance training.

Investigation	Stimulus/Intervention	mTOR-LAMP2	mTOR-WGA	LAMP2-WGA	mTOR-Rheb
Abou Sawan et al., (2018) 66	R.Ex with whole egg or egg white	↑ (Whole-egg)	n.a.	n.a.	↑↑
Abou Sawan et al., (2022) 69	Pre & Post RT (8 weeks) with acute R.Ex.	↓ (Trained only)	↑ (T vs UT)	n.a.	n.a.
D'Lugos et al., (2018) 67	Acute R.Ex	↑ (Type II Fibers)	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
de Hart et al., (2021) 62	Cheese or milk protein	↔	↑ (Cheese only)	n.a.	n.a.
Hannaian et al., (2020) 64	R.Ex with LEAA or carb placebo	↓	↔	↔	↔
Hodson et al., (2017) 59	Protein & CHO ​± ​R.Ex	↔↓	↑↑↑↑	n.a.	n.a.
Hodson et al., (2020) 61	Protein & CHO Ingestion	↔	↑	n.a.	n.a.
Hodson et al., (2022) 58	Protein & CHO ​± ​R.Ex	n.a.	↑↑(EX-FED only)	n.a.	n.a.
Holowaty, Lees, et al., (2022; In Review)	Leucine ingestion	↑	↑↑↑	n.a.	↔
Moro et al., (2018) 68	EAA consumption Pre & Post-RT (12 weeks)	↑ (Trained only)	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Song et al., (2017) 57	R.Ex ​± ​Protein & CHO	↔	↑↑	↑↑↑	↑↑↑