TABLE 2.

Summary of adverse events.

Type of intervention	Study	Number of patients	Type of adverse events
Dapagliflozin	Eriksson et al.	21	Adverse event (unclassified) 7 (33.3%)
	Pang et al.	103	Mild hypoglycemia 1 (1%); Urinary tract infection 1 (1%)
	Hussain et al.	75	Hypoglycemia 3 (4%); Frequency of urine 5 (6.7%)
Empagliflozin	Kuchay et al.	22	Balanoposthitis 1 (4.5%); Non-specific fatigue 1 (4.5%); Arthralgia of the big joints 1 (4.5%)
	Taheri et al.	43	Mild fungal vaginal infections 2 (4.7%); Mild allergic reactions 1 (2.3%)
	Chehrehgosha et al.	35	Mild hypoglycemia 1 (2.9%); Urticaria 1 (2.9%); Nocturia and polyuria 1 (2.9%); Severe weakness and fatigue 1 (2.9%)
Ipragliflozin	Takahashi et al.	27	Constipation 1 (3.7%); Frequency urination 2 (7.4%); Knee osteoarthritis 1 (3.7%); Perineum pruritus 1 (3.7%)
Luseogliflozin	None
Tofogliflozin	Yoneda et al.	21	Urinary tract infection 1 (4.8%)
Dulaglutide	Kuchay et al.	32	Upper gastrointestinal upset 5 (15.6%); Transient diarrhoea 1 (3.1%)
Exenatide	Liu et al.	38	Hypoglycemia 3 (7.9%)
Liraglutide	Armstrong et al.	26	Gastrointestinal disorders 21 (81%); Nausea 12 (46%); Diarrhoea 10 (38%); Abdominal pain 8 (31%); Vomiting 5 (19%); Constipation 7 (27%); Dyspepsia 4 (15%); Flatulence 4 (15%); Bloating 4 (15%); Eye disorders 1 (4%); Cardiac disorders 3 (12%); General disorders and administration site conditions 13 (50%); General disorders and administration site conditions 13 (50%); Fatigue 4 (15%); Influenza-like symptoms 3 (12%); Peripheral oedema 2 (8%); Chills 4 (15%); Non-specific pain 2 (8%); Infections and infestations 3 (12%); Investigations 5 (19%); Increased aspartate aminotransferase 1 (4%); Metabolism and nutrition disorders 11 (42%); Anorexia (loss of appetite) 8 (31%); Musculoskeletal and connective disorders 8 (31%); Back pain 3 (12%); Arthralgia 1 (4%); Nervous system disorders 14 (54%); Dizziness 6 (23%); Headaches or migraines 9 (35%); Psychiatric disorders 6 (23%); Depression 2 (8%); Renal and urinary disorders 2 (8%); Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders 3 (12%); Cough 2 (8%); Skin and soft tissue disorders 7 (27%)
	Khoo et al.	15	Nausea 12 (80.0%); Abdominal discomfort and bloating 15 (100%); Diarrhoea 5 (33.3%); Flatulence 6 (40.0%); Constipation 1 (6.7%); Dizziness 2 (13.3%); Muscle aches 1 (6.7%); Injection site reaction 1 (6.7%)
	Yan et al.	24	Nausea and vomiting 4 (16.7%); Headache 1 (4.2%)
	Zhang et al.	30	Gastrointestinal reactions 9 (30%); Hypoglycemia 1 (3.3%); Heart failure 0
	Guo et al.	31	Nausea and vomiting 8 (25.8%); Diarrhea 1 (3.2%); Non-severe hypoglycemia 1 (3.2%)
	Jiang et al.	58	Nausea or vomiting 4 (6.9%); Diarrhoea 3 (5.2%)
Semaglutide	Flint et al.	33	Decreased appetite 14 (42.4%); Diarrhoea 10 (30.3%); Nausea 10 (30.3%); Vomiting 9 (27.3%); Nasopharyngitis 8 (24.2%); Constipation 8 (24.2%); Abdominal pain upper 6 (18.2%); Dizziness 6 (18.2%); Flatulence 6 (18.2%); Eructation 5 (15.2%); Headache 4 (12.1%); Fatigue 4 (12.1%); Early satiety 4 (12.1%)
	Newsome et al.	239	Nausea 87 (36.4%); Constipation 48 (20.1%); Decreased appetite 52 (21.8%); Diarrhea 61 (25.5%); Vomiting 43 (18.0%); Back pain 22 (9.2%); Headache 27 (11.3%); Nasopharyngitis 36 (15.1%); Arthralgia 13 (5.4%); Fatigue 22 (9.2%); Abdominal pain 23 (9.6%); Abdominal distension 13 (5.4%); Dyspepsia 17 (7.1%)