. 2023 Mar 13;11:1106166. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106166

Table 5.

The results of heterogeneity analysis.

	Outpatient care utilization rate in past 2 weeks (OR)	Annual outpatient expenditure	Inpatient care utilization rate (OR)	Annual inpatient expenditure	Annual out-of-pocket medical expenditure	Self-assessed health rate (OR)
Model	Logit	Log-linear	Logit	Log-linear	Log-linear	Logit
(A) Stratified by status in terms of income level
INTERVENTION GROUP: URBMI
High income
Treatment effects	0.9324	0.00620	1.0580	0.269	0.0102	1.3381
Time trends	1.0745	0.102	0.9188	−0.225	0.036	1.0187
Inter-group differences	1.0814	−0.476^***	0.8124	−0.345^***	−0.138	0.8070^*
R ²	0.212	0.137	0.139	0.353	0.246	0.112
Middle income
Treatment effects	0.2149	−0.0111	0.9554	0.000362	0.00634	0.9877
Time trends	0.8428	0.0648	0.9862	−0.0463	−0.0756	1.0667
Inter-group differences	0.9550	−0.236	0.9783	−0.0329	−0.0223	1.0387
R ²	0.233	0.134	0.154	0.410	0.261	0.103
Low income
Treatment effects	2.3936	0.0640	2.7036^**	−0.0211	−0.0338	2.2127
Time trends	0.7594	0.00266	1.1553	0.114	−0.0422	1.0273
Inter-group differences	0.3658^**	−0.486	0.4848	0.151	−0.0291	0.9196
R ²	0.275	0.128	0.231	0.308	0.300	0.119
INTERVENTION GROUP: NRCMS
High income
Treatment effects	0.9457	−0.0072	1.4149^***	0.1620	0.0627	1.0682
Time trends	0.8885	0.0060	0.7608	−0.1880	0.0133	1.0143
Inter-group differences	1.3882^**	−0.2780^**	0.7400^**	−0.3030^***	−0.1450^**	1.1459
R ²	0.219	0.079	0.131	0.279	0.208	0.127
Middle income
Treatment effects	1.1557	0.1980	1.5297^***	−0.0985	0.0680	0.9217
Time trends	0.9569	−0.1350	0.7280	−0.0132	−0.1350	1.1036
Inter-group differences	1.3641^**	−0.3870^***	0.6456^***	−0.1800^**	−0.296^***	1.3356^**
R ²	0.204	0.097	0.135	0.268	0.219	0.109
Low income
Treatment Effects	2.0319	−0.0192	1.7807^**	−0.0332	0.1860	1.0418
Time trends	0.4792	−0.0995	0.6540	0.1030	−0.2030	1.0713
Inter-group differences	0.6894	−0.2200	0.5321^***	0.0349	−0.413^***	1.1998
R ²	0.243	0.064	0.167	0.152	0.207	0.107
(B) Stratified by status in terms of chronic disease
INTERVENTION GROUP: URBMI
NCDs
Treatment effects	1.0786	0.0491	1.1494	0.0895	0.0182	1.3094
Time trends	1.0568	−0.0822	0.9230	0.0304	0.1170	1.0883
Inter-group differences	1.0462	−0.3020	0.8845	−0.1460	−0.0181	0.9970
R ²	0.224	0.065	0.114	0.266	0.145	0.093
Non-NCDs
Treatment effects	1.1234	0.0153	1.2001	0.2130	0.0230	0.1530
Time trends	0.8372	0.2220	1.0050	−0.1710	−0.057	1.0517
Inter-group differences	0.9136	−0.4830^***	0.8116	−0.225^**	−0.127	0.8984
R ²	0.156	0.064	0.062	0.445	0.168	0.061
Intervention group:NRCMS
NCDs
Treatment effects	1.9233	0.0386	1.6361^***	−0.0524	0.0531	0.9473
Time trends	0.8593	−0.0371	0.7261^**	−0.0607	0.0833	0.8899
Inter-group differences	1.5658	−0.3840^***	0.6041^***	−0.3030^***	−0.2250^***	1.3672
R ²	0.207	0.028	0.069	0.197	0.061	0.063
Non-NCDs
Treatment effects	1.1608	0.0766	1.4423^***	−0.0515	0.0310	0.9910
Time trends	0.8309	−0.0595	0.7453^**	0.0098	−0.1020	1.0711
Inter-group differences	1.2608^**	−0.233^**	0.7043^***	−0.1150	−0.2590^***	1.2382^***
R ²	0.163	0.043	0.055	0.284	0.144	0.069

^***

P < 0.01,

^**

P < 0.05,

P < 0.1.

We used regression to determine the treatment effects based on difference-in-difference (DID) model between the intervention and control groups, controlling for samples' age, gender, marital status, education level, income level, social status, and chronic diseases.