Table 2.
Characteristics of included representative articles, summary of the main findings, and their quality assessment.
| References | Region; country | Study design; sample size | Study population (gender and age) | Study period (year) | Main findings related to factors causing hip fracture | Quality assessment scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayhew et al. (8) | Canada | Cross-sectional study | 77 total population Age: Female 68.5 (41.0–75.0) Age: Male 70.0 (44.0–76.5) | 1.00 | Mechanical load and bone geometric parameters (femoral neck cortical stability) | 9 |
| Dargent-Molina et al. (9) | France | Cohort study | 7,575 total population Female 77.8 (78.8–79.8) | 1.94 | Neuromuscular and visual impairments | 8 |
| Puttnam et al. (10) | America | Cohort study | 22,180 total population Age: [mean (SD) 70.4 (6.7)] | 8.00 | Antihypertensive Medications | 10 |
| Kiel et al. (11) | America | Cohort study | 1,042 total population Age: [mean (SD) 85.0 (7.0)] | 1.60 | Hip protector | 9 |
| Follis et al. (12) | America | Cohort study | 11,020 postmenopausal women Age: [mean (SD) 62 (7.0)] | 8.00 | Psychosocial stress | 10 |