Table 1.
Summary some of the clinical trials testing combinations of immunotherapy with therapeutic agents that may target apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis.
| Combination Strategies | Therapeutic agents | Cancer type | Effects on cancer cell death | Clinical trial phase | Clinicaltrials.gov ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemotherapy | nivolumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy | NSCLC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | III | NCT02998528 |
| carboplatin plus paclitaxel with camrelizumab | Advanced squamous NSCLC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | III | NCT03668496 | |
| Toripalimab+paclitaxel plus cisplatin | Advanced ESCC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | III | NCT03829969 | |
| Tislelizumab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy | Advanced ESCC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | III | NCT03957590 | |
| Gemcitabine and cisplatin plus durvalumab +tremelimumab | Advanced BTC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | II | NCT03046862 | |
| Durvalumab plus platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy | Unresectable pleural mesothelioma | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | II | NCT02899195 | |
| FOLFOX6+pembrolizumab | Advanced CRC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | Ib | NCT02375672 | |
| Carboplatin+etoposide +adebrelimab | ES-SCLC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | III | NCT03711305 | |
| Radiotherapy | Radiotherapy+durvalumab plus tremelimumab | Metastatic NSCLC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | II | NCT02888743 |
| Nivolumab and ipilimumab+SBRT | Stage IV NSCLC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | I | NCT03223155 | |
| Radiation+ipilimumab and nivolumab | Metastatic MSS CRC | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | II | NCT03104439 | |
| Toripalimab with concurrent chemoradiotherapy | Locally advanced cervical cancer | Apoptosis/necroptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | II | NCT05084677 | |
| Targeted therapy | Olaparib+durvalumab + tremelimumab | Solid cancers | Apoptosis/ferroptosis | II | NCT04169841 |
| Ceralasertib plus durvalumab | Metastatic melanoma,AGC | Apoptosis | II | NCT03780608 | |
| Cobimetinib+atezolizumab | BTC | Apoptosis | II | NCT03201458 | |
| Cabozantinib+atezolizumab | mCRPC | Apoptosis | Ib | NCT03170960 | |
| Apatinib+camrelizumab+eribulin | Advanced TNBC | Apoptosis/pyroptosis/ferroptosis | II | NCT04303741 | |
| Famitinib+camrelizumab | Platinum-resistant ROC | Apoptosis | II | NCT03827837 | |
| Regorafenib+avelumab | advanced BTCs | Apoptosis | II | NCT03475953 |
NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; BTC, biliary tract cancer; CRC, colorectal cancer; ES-SCLC, extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer; MSS, microsatellite stable; AGC, advanced gastric cancer; mCRPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; ROC, recurrent ovarian cancer.